Uncoordinated charging (or“dumb charging”) willincreaseelectricity consumption during the morning and evening peaks (Graabak, Wu, Warland, & Liu, 2016). De Hoog et al. (2015)point out that if EVcharging isnot controlled, adverse impacts on the distribution network areexpected: power demand may exceed distribution transformerratings; line current may exceed line ratings; phase unbalancemay lead to excessive current in the neutral line; and voltagesat customers’ points of connection may fall outside requiredlevels. A similar point is made byNeaimeh et al. (2015). Skotland et al. (2016)develop a stress-test for neighborhoods with high BEV density. Assuming periods where 70% of the residents charge their BEVs simultaneously during peak hours, it finds that power demand can increase by up to 5 kW per household. This results in overload for more than 30% of the transformer stations currently servicing the distribution network. link
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