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#1470
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Curiosity has the capability to communicate directly with earth via X-band links with the Deep space Network. this capability will be used routinely to deliver commands to the rover each morning on Mars. it can also be used to return information to earth, but only at relatively low data rates — on the order of kilobits per second — due to the rover’s limited power and antenna size, and to the long distance between earth and Mars.
Curiosity will return most information via UHF relay links, using one of its two redundant electra-Lite radios to communicate with a Mars orbiter passing overhead. in their trajectories around Mars, the Mars reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey orbiter each fly over the Curiosity landing site at least once each afternoon and once each morning before dawn.
While these contact opportunities are short in duration, typically lasting only about 10 minutes, the proximity of the orbiters allows Curiosity to transmit at much higher data rates than the rover can use for direct-to-earth transmissions. the rover can transmit to Odyssey at up to about 0.25 megabit per second and to the Mars reconnaissance Orbiter at up to about 2 megabits per second. the orbiters, with their higher-power transmitters and larger antennas, then take the job of relaying the information via X-band to the Deep space Network
on earth. Mission plans call for the return of 250 megabits of Curiosity data per Martian day over these relay links. the links can also be used for delivering commands from earth to Curiosity.
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