Minden amit a II. világháborúról és a Harmadik Birodalomról tudni lehet
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#11488
Elég jól kidolgozott terveik voltak. A hadműveleti tervek már jóval a hitleri Németország létrejötte elött megvoltak. Általánosságban nem csak Németországgal számoltak mint potenciális ellenséggel, hanem Magyarországgal, Ausztriával és Lengyelországgal is. Több tervet is készítettek háború esetére. Részletezni nem szeretném, ha tudsz angolul akkor az alábbi beidézett sorokból informálódhatsz a részletekről. Íme (Spolierbe rakom mert elég hosszú):
SPOILER! Kattints ide a szöveg elolvasásához!By 1925 the French staff officers were mostly phased out and military plans would be a solely Czechoslovak affair. The first of these, Nástupový plán II – "Assembly plan II", was to be used in a conflict with Germany and Hungary (and possibly Austria, although the former two were considered the more dangerous threats), the so called "variant A" dealt with a war with Hungary alone.
Plan II called for the majority of Czech forces, some ten divisions, to gather in North and Central Bohemia in order to be able to swiftly react to an enemy incursion and engage him as close to the border as possible. To protect strategic assets in the northeast of Bohemia and in Moravia, a limited counterattack was to be mounted from these regions in a northern direction. Only a token force of a division and four brigades was to hold against Hungary.
The A variant was much more offensively minded, with over seven divisions allocated for an atack into Hungary proper, the objective being to advance as far as possible and meet with Romanian troops – the country being a fairly close ally of Czechoslovakia at the time. Five divisions were to be held in reserve in case of an intervention by Germany or Austria.
Between 1927 and 1928, Plan III (and III – A) came into effect. The Czechoslovak army undergoing organizational changes in the months prior and growing Hungarian irredentism were the two key causes of a new plan being adopted. As a result, the main plan was largely unchanged. Eight divisions and twelve brigades were set to face Germany, being deployed once again in the central and northern part of Bohemia, one division and five brigades were to protect the Hungarian border, and a northwards attack from the northeast of the country was still a part of the plan.
Even the Hungarian option was similar to its predecessor, calling for basically the whole army to be deployed in Slovakia, once again to strike a decisive and swift blow against Hungary. Seven divisions and six brigades were to attack Gödöllö close to Budapest, two divisions and three brigades were to march on Miskolc in the eastern part of the country. The rest of the army was to hold the flanks or be held in reserve.
As you can imagine, the A variant would leave the rest of the country largely undefended, and with the changing political landscape in the 1930s, another revision of the war plans was necessary. The result was Plan IV, drawn up by a new general staff between 1933 and 1936, fully acknowledging Germany as the number one threat to Czechoslovakia – over twenty divisions would face the Germans in the region of Bohemia. The plan also considered the very real possibility of a major war as opposed to a local conflict between two countries, with French, Soviet, Romanian and Yugoslavian assistance being a key part of the war effort.
By now, the construction of the border fortifications had started, but the military leadership had not yet abandoned the idea of defending the western part of Czechoslovakia, although that the army would be pushed eastwards was expected. Only token forces would face Hungary, its threat was to be countered by the allied countries of Romania and Yugoslavia, and the border with Poland would be left undefended with the exception of a short strip near Těšín where the planners feared a German attack ignoring Polish neutrality. In the end, Plan IV would soon evolve into plans V and VI with only minor changes.
Plan VII and XIII would be rather radically different, however. The Anschluss of Austria in 1938 meant Czechoslovakia was now surrounded on three sides, and the general staff had to react accordingly. Moravia was now threatened and the country faced the possibility of being cut in half, rendering any previous attempts at engaging the enemy in the western part of Czechoslovakia impossible.
The VII plan, drawn up in spring 1938, expected the above to be achieved by a German attack from both Silesia and Austria, and as such the army was to offer only a short term resistance in Bohemia along the Vltava river, focusing its defensive efforts on Moravia in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Should this defensive line be broken, there would be a final withdrawal east to roughly the present day Czech Republic - Slovakia border. In any case, the army was to hold until a counterattack could be mounted by allied forces.
Shortly before the Munich betrayal, a final amendment was made, Plan XIII being the result. More of a variant rather than a reworking of overall military plans, the changes reflected the possibility of a smaller scale action by Germany aimed solely at occupying Sudetenland as opposed to a full scale invasion.
Somewhat similar to the plans from the 1920s, a sizeable force was to be dispatched from the army reserves to Bohemia, where it would wait to strike in the direction of the German advance and meet the enemy close to the borders. This was also the army assembly plan used during the September 1938 mobilisation.
So there you have it. Originally, Czechoslovak plans for war against Germany called for the army, deployed roughly around Prague, to actively engage the enemy close to the border. As time went, these plans changed into a more conservative defense further east in the country and a fighting withdrawal waiting for allied assistance.