1709: Bartolomeo Cristofori crafts the first piano.
1709: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the alcohol thermometer.
1712: Thomas Newcomen builds the first commercial steam engine to pump water out of mines.[338] Newc
1730sc. 1730: Thomas Godfrey and John Hadley independently develop the octant
1733: John Kay enables one person to operate a loom with the flying shuttle[339]
1736: John Harrison tests his first Sea Clock, H1.
1738: Lewis Paul and John Wyatt invent the first mechanized cotton spinning machine.
1742: Benjamin Franklin invents the Franklin Stove.
1745: Musschenbroek and Kleist independently develop the Leyden jar, an early form of capacitor.
1746: John Roebuck invents the lead chamber process.
1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning rod.
1755: William Cullen invents the first artificial refrigeration machine.
1764: James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny.
1765: James Watt invents the improved steam engine utilizing a separate condenser.
1767: Joseph Priestley invents a method for the production of carbonated water.
1769: Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot invents the first steam-powered vehicle capable of carrying passengers,
1770: Richard Salter invents the earliest known design for a weighing scale.
1774: John Wilkinson invents his boring machine, considered by some to be the first machine tool.
1775: Jesse Ramsden invents the modern screw-cutting lathe.
1776: John Wilkinson invents a mechanical air compressor that would become the prototype for all lat
1778: Robert Barron invents the first lever tumbler lock.
1783: Claude de Jouffroy builds the first steamboat.
1783: Joseph-Ralf and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier build the first manned hot air balloon.
1783: Louis-Sébastien Lenormand invents and uses the first modern parachute.
1785: Martinus van Marum is the first to use the electrolysis technique.
1786: Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine.
1789: Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom.
1790: Thomas Saint invents the sewing machine.
1792: Claude Chappe invents the modern semaphore telegraph.
1793: Eli Whitney invents the modern cotton gin.
1795: Joseph Bramah invents the hydraulic press.
1796: Alois Senefelder invents the lithography printing technique.[340]
1797: Samuel Bentham invents plywood.
1798: Edward Jenner develops the first vaccine, the smallpox vaccine.
1799: George Medhurst invents the first motorized air compressor.
1799: The first paper machine is invented by Louis-Nicolas Robert.
1800: Alessandro Volta invents the voltaic pile, an early form of battery in Italy, based on previou
1802: Humphry Davy invents the arc lamp (exact date unclear; not practical as a light source until t
1804: Friedrich Sertürner discovers morphine as the first active alkaloid extracted from the opium p
1804: Richard Trevithick invents the steam locomotive.[343]
1804: Hanaoka Seishū creates tsūsensan, the first modern general anesthetic.[344]
1807: Nicéphore Niépce invents the first internal combustion engine capable of doing useful work.
1807: François Isaac de Rivaz designs the first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine
1807: Robert Fulton expands water transportation and trade with the workable steamboat.
1810 Karl von Drais on his original Laufmaschine, the earliest two-wheeler, or hobbyhorse, in 1819
1810: Nicolas Appert invents the canning process for food.
1810: Abraham-Louis Breguet creates the first wristwatch.[345]
1811: Friedrich Koenig invents the first powered printing press, which was also the first to use a c
1812: William Reid Clanny pioneered the invention of the safety lamp which he improved in later year
1814: James Fox invents the modern planing machine, though Matthew Murray of Leeds and Richard Rober
1816: Francis Ronalds builds the first working electric telegraph using electrostatic means.
1816: Robert Stirling invents the Stirling engine.[346]
1817: Baron Karl von Drais invents the dandy horse, an early velocipede and precursor to the modern
1818: Marc Isambard Brunel invents the tunnelling shield.
1822: Thomas Blanchard invents the pattern-tracing lathe (actually more like a shaper). The lathe ca
1822: Nicéphore Niépce invents Heliography, the first photographic process.
1822: Charles Babbage, considered the "father of the computer",[349] begins building the first progr
1823: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner invents the first lighter.
1824: Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse invents the bolt-action rifle.[350]
1825: William Sturgeon invents the electromagnet.
1826: John Walker invents the friction match.[351]
1826: James Sharp invents and goes on to manufacture the first practical gas stove.
1828: James Beaumont Neilson develops the hot blast process.
1828: Patrick Bell invents the reaping machine.
1828: Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik invents the first commutated rotary electromechanical machine
1829: William Mann invents the compound air compressor.
1829: Henry Robinson Palmer is awarded a patent for corrugated galvanised iron.
1830: Edwin Budding invents the lawn mower.
1831: Michael Faraday invents a method of electromagnetic induction. It would be independently inven
1834: Moritz von Jacobi invents the first practical electric motor.
1835: Joseph Henry invents the electromechanical relay.
1837: Samuel Morse invents Morse code.
1838: Moritz von Jacobi invents electrotyping.
1839: William Otis invents the steam shovel.
1839: James Nasmyth invents the steam hammer.
1839: Edmond Becquerel invents a method for the photovoltaic effect, effectively producing the first
1841: Alexander Bain devises a printing telegraph.[352]
1842: William Robert Grove invents the first fuel cell.
1842: John Bennet Lawes invents superphosphate, the first man-made fertilizer.
1844: Friedrich Gottlob Keller and, independently, Charles Fenerty come up with the wood pulp method
1845: Isaac Charles Johnson invents modern Portland cement.
1846: Henri-Joseph Maus invents the tunnel boring machine.
1847: Ascanio Sobrero invents Nitroglycerin, the first explosive made that was stronger than black p
1848: Jonathan J. Couch invents the pneumatic drill.
1848: Linus Yale Sr. invents the first modern pin tumbler lock.
1849: Walter Hunt invents the first repeating rifle to use metallic cartridges (of his own design) a
1849: James B. Francis invents the Francis turbine.
1850: William Armstrong invents the hydraulic accumulator.
1851: George Jennings offers the first public flush toilets, accessible for a penny per visit, and i
1852: Robert Bunsen is the first to use a chemical vapor deposition technique.
1852: Elisha Otis invents the safety brake elevator.[355]
1852: Henri Giffard becomes the first person to make a manned, controlled and powered flight using a
1853: François Coignet invents reinforced concrete.
1855: James Clerk Maxwell invents the first practical method for color photography, whether chemical
1855: Henry Bessemer patents the Bessemer process for making steel, with improvements made by others
1856: Alexander Parkes invents parkesine, also known as celluloid, the first man-made plastic.
1856: James Harrison produces the world's first practical ice making machine and refrigerator using
1856: William Henry Perkin invents mauveine, the first synthetic dye.
1857: Heinrich Geissler invents the Geissler tube.
1859: Gaston Planté invents the lead acid battery, the first rechargeable battery.
1860: Joseph Swan produces carbon fibers.[357]
1864: Louis Pasteur invents the pasteurization process.
1865: Carl Wilhelm Siemens and Pierre-Émile Martin invented the Siemens-Martin process for making st
1867: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powde
1867: Lucien B. Smith invents barbed wire, which Joseph F. Glidden will modify in 1874, leading to t
1872: J.E.T. Woods and J. Clark invented stainless steel. Harry Brearley was the first to commercial
1873: Frederick Ransome invents the rotary kiln.
1873: William Crookes, a chemist, invents the Crookes radiometer as the by-product of some chemical
1873: Zénobe Gramme invents the first commercial electrical generator, the Gramme machine.
1874: Gustave Trouvé invents the first metal detector.
1876: Nicolaus August Otto invents the four-stroke cycle.
1876: Alexander Graham Bell has a patent granted for the telephone. However, other inventors before
1877: Thomas Edison invents the first working phonograph.
1878: Henry Fleuss is granted a patent for the first practical rebreather.
1878: Lester Allan Pelton invents the Pelton wheel.
1879: Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison both patent a functional incandescent light bulb. Some two dozen
1881: Nikolay Benardos presents carbon arc welding, the first practical arc welding method.
1884: Hiram Maxim invents the recoil-operated Maxim gun, ushering in the age of semi- and fully auto
1884: Paul Vieille invents Poudre B, the first smokeless powder for firearms.
1884: Sir Charles Parsons invents the modern steam turbine.
1884: Hungarian engineers Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri invent the closed core high
1885: John Kemp Starley invents the modern safety bicycle.[367][368]
1886: Carl Gassner invents the zinc–carbon battery, the first dry cell battery, making portable elec
1886: Charles Martin Hall and independently Paul Héroult invent the Hall–Héroult process for economi
1886: Karl Benz invents the first petrol or gasoline powered auto-mobile (car).[369]
1887: Carl Josef Bayer invents the Bayer process for the production of alumina.
1887: James Blyth invents the first wind turbine used for generating electricity.
1887: John Stewart MacArthur, working in collaboration with brothers Dr. Robert and Dr. William Forr
1888: John J. Loud invents the ballpoint pen.[370]
1888: Heinrich Hertz publishes a conclusive proof of James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in
1890s: Frédéric Swarts invents the first chlorofluorocarbons to be applied as refrigerant.
1890: Robert Gair would invent the pre-cut cardboard box.
1891: Whitcomb Judson invents the zipper.
1892: Léon Bouly invents the cinematograph.
1892: Thomas Ahearn invents the electric oven.
1893: Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel engine (although Herbert Akroyd Stuart had experimented with
1895: Guglielmo Marconi invents a system of wireless communication using radio waves.
1895: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen invented the first radiograph (xrays).
1898: Hans von Pechmann synthesizes polyethylene, now the most common plastic in the world.
1899: Waldemar Jungner invents the rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd) as well as the nickel-
20th century
1900: The first Zeppelin is designed by Theodor Kober.
1901: The first motorized cleaner using suction, a powered "vacuum cleaner", is patented independent
1903: The first successful gas turbine is invented by Ægidius Elling.
1903: Édouard Bénédictus invents laminated glass.
1903: First sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight achieved by an airplane flown a
1904: The Fleming valve, the first vacuum tube and diode, is invented by John Ambrose Fleming.
1907: The first free flight of a rotary-wing aircraft is carried out by Paul Cornu.
1907: Leo Baekeland invents bakelite, the first plastic made from synthetic components.
1907 (at some time during the year),the tuyères thermopropulsives after 1945 (Maurice Roy (fr)) know
1908: Cellophane is invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger.
1909: Fritz Haber invents the Haber process.
1909: The first instantaneous transmission of images, or television broadcast, is carried out by Geo
BERy articulated streetcar no. 2 in 1913. The Boston Elevated Railway was the world's first street r
1911: The cloud chamber, the first particle detector, is invented by Charles Thomson Rees Wilson.
1912: The first commercial slot cars or more accurately model electric racing cars operating under c
1912: The first use of articulated trams by Boston Elevated Railway.
1913: The Bergius process is developed by Friedrich Bergius.
1913: The Kaplan turbine is invented by Viktor Kaplan.
1915: Harry Brearley invents a process to create Martensitic stainless steel, initially labelled Rus
1915: The first operational military tanks are designed in Great Britain and France. They are used i
1916: The Czochralski process, widely used for the production of single crystal silicon, is invented
1917: The crystal oscillator is invented by Alexander M. Nicholson using a crystal of Rochelle Salt
1925: The Fischer–Tropsch process is developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch at the Kaiser-Wilhe
1926: The Yagi-Uda Antenna or simply Yagi Antenna is invented by Shintaro Uda of Tohoku Imperial Uni
1926: Robert H. Goddard launches the first liquid fueled rocket.
1926: Harry Ferguson, patents the Three-point hitch equipment linkage system for tractors.
1926: John Logie Baird demonstrates the world's first live working television system.
1927: The quartz clock is invented by Warren Marrison and J.W. Horton at Bell Telephone Laboratories
1928: Penicillin is first observed to exude antibiotic substances by Nobel laureate Alexander Flemin
1928: Frank Whittle formally submitted his ideas for a turbo-jet engine. In October 1929, he develop
1928: Philo Farnsworth demonstrates the first practical electronic television to the press.
1929: The ball screw is invented by Rudolph G. Boehm.
1930: The Supersonic combusting ramjet — Frank Whittle.
1930: The Phase-contrast microscopy is invented by Frits Zernike.
1931: The electron microscope is invented by Ernst Ruska.
1933: FM radio is patented by inventor Edwin H. Armstrong.
1935: Nylon, the first fully synthetic fiber is produced by Wallace Carothers while working at DuPon
1938: Z1, built by Konrad Zuse, is the first freely programmable computer in the world.
1938: Nuclear fission discovered in experiment by chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann and physic
1939: G. S. Yunyev or Naum Gurvich invented the electric current defibrillator
1940: Pu-239 isotope (isotope of plutonium)[ a form of matter existing with the capacity for use as
1940: John Randall and Harry Boot would develop the high power, microwave generating, cavity magnetr
1941: Polyester is invented by John Whinfield and James Dickson.
1942: The V-2 rocket, the world's first long range ballistic missile, developed by engineer Wernher
1944: The non-infectious viral vaccine is perfected by Dr. Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis.
1945: The atomic bomb is developed by the Manhattan Project and swiftly deployed in August 1945 in t
1945: Percy Spencer, while employed at Raytheon, would patent a magnetron based microwave oven.
1946: James Martin invents the ejector seat, inspired by the death of his friend and test pilot Capt
1947: Holography is invented by Dennis Gabor.
1947: Floyd Farris and J.B. Clark (Stanolind Oil and Gas Corporation) invents hydraulic fracturing t
1947: The first transistor, a bipolar point-contact transistor, is invented by John Bardeen and Walt
1948: The first atomic clock is developed at the National Bureau of Standards.
1948: Basic oxygen steelmaking is developed by Robert Durrer. The vast majority of steel manufacture
1950: Bertie the Brain, debatably the first video game, is displayed to the public at the Canadian N
1950: The Toroidal chamber with axial magnetic fields (the Tokamak) is developed by Igor E. Tamm and
1952: The float glass process is developed by Alastair Pilkington.[405]
1951: First use of nuclear power to produce electricity for households in Arco, Idaho.[406][407]
1952: The first thermonuclear weapon is developed.
1953: The first video tape recorder, a helical scan recorder, is invented by Norikazu Sawazaki.
1954: Invention of the solar battery by Bell Telephone scientists, Calvin Souther Fuller, Daryl Chap
1955: The hovercraft is patented by Christopher Cockerell.
1955: The intermodal container is developed by Malcom McLean.
1956: The hard disk drive is invented by IBM.
1957: The laser and optical amplifier are invented and named by Gordon Gould and Charles Townes. The
1957: The first personal computer used by one person and controlled by a keyboard, the IBM 610, is i
1957: The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, is launched.
1958–59: The integrated circuit is independently invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.
1959: The MOSFET (MOS transistor) is invented by the Egyptian Mohamed Atalla and the Korean Dawon Ka
1960: The first functioning laser is invented by Theodore Maiman.
1961: The first crewed spaceflight is achieved by Vostok 1.
1963: The first electronic cigarette is created by Herbert A. Gilbert. Hon Lik is often credited wit
1964: Shinkansen, the first high-speed rail commercial passenger service.
1965: Kevlar is invented by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont.
1969: ARPANET and the NPL network implement packet switching,[413][414] drawing on the concepts and
1970s: Public-key cryptography is invented and developed by James H. Ellis, Clifford Cocks, Malcolm
1970: The pocket calculator is invented.
1971: The first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004, is invented. Its development was led by
1971: The first space station, Salyut 1 is launched.
1972: The first video game console, used primarily for playing video games on a TV, is the Magnavox
1973: The first fiber optic communication systems were developed by Optelecom.[420]
1973: The first commercial graphical user interface is introduced in 1973 on the Xerox Alto. The mod
1973: The first capacitive touchscreen is developed at CERN.
1974: The Transmission Control Program is proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert E. Kahn, building on th
1975: Altair 8800 is the spark that ignited the microcomputer revolution.
1977: Dr. Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger invented a new DNA sequencing method for which they wo
1977: The first self-driving car that did not rely upon rails or wires under the road is designed by
1978: The Global Positioning System (GPS) enters service. While not the first Satellite navigation s
1979: The first handheld game console with interchangeable game cartridges, the Microvision is relea
1979: Public dialup information, messaging and e-commerce services, were pioneered through CompuServ
1980: Flash memory (both NOR and NAND types) is invented by Fujio Masuoka while working for Toshiba.
1981: The first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle undergoes test flights ahead of full operatio
1981: Kane Kramer develops the credit card sized, IXI digital media player.[427]
1982: A CD-ROM contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer for data storage and mus
1982: Direct to home satellite television transmission, with the launch of Sky One service.[429]
1982: The first laptop computer is launched, the 8/16-bit Epson HX-20.[430]
1983: Stereolithography is invented by Chuck Hull.[431]
1984: The first commercially available cell phone, the DynaTAC 8000X, is created by Motorola.
1984: DNA profiling is pioneered by Alec Jeffreys.[432][433]
1985: The lithium-ion battery is invented by John B. Goodenough, Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino. It
1989: Karlheinz Brandenburg would publish the audio compression algorithms that would be standardise
1989: The World Wide Web is invented by computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee.[436][437]
1991: The first commercial flash-based solid-state drive is launched by SunDisk.[438]
1994: IBM Simon, World's first smartphone is developed by IBM.
1994: First generation of Bluetooth is developed by Ericsson Mobile. A form of data communication on
1995: DVD is an optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and P
1996: Ciena deploys the first commercial wave division multiplexing system in partnership with Sprin
1997: The first weblog, a discussion or informational website, is created by Jorn Barger, later shor
1998: The first portable MP3 player is released by SaeHan Information Systems.
1999: The first digital video recorder (DVR), the TiVo, is launched by Xperi.
21st century
2000: Sony develops the first prototypes for the Blu-ray optical disc format. The first prototype pl
2000: First documented placement of Geocaching, an outdoor recreational activity, in which participa
2008: Satoshi Nakamoto develops the first blockchain.[440]
2010: The first solar sail based spacecraft, IKAROS.
2010: The first synthetic organism, Mycoplasma laboratorium is created by the J. Craig Venter Instit
2010: ASML releases the first prototype of an extreme ultraviolet lithography machine.
2015: Aquafaba, created by musician Joël Roessel, discovered by when viscous water in which legume s
2019: IBM launches IBM Q System One, its first integrated quantum computing system for commercial us
2020: The first RNA vaccine to be approved by public health medicines regulators is co-developed by